Exploring the Neuroprotective Behaviour and Hepatoprotective Effects of Plumbagin in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease

Aims: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms like tremors and bradykinesia, as well as non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances and autonomic dysfunction. Recent research suggests a link between PD and liver dysfunction, including altered metabolism and elevated liver enzymes. Plumbagin, recognized for its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, may offer therapeutic benefits. This study explores its effects on both motor and non-motor symptoms in MPTP-treated mice, as well as its impact on liver function through serum enzyme analysis. The aim is to assess the neuroprotective and hepatoprotective potential of plumbagin in countering MPTP-induced neurodegeneration and liver dysfunction. Methodology:  Thirty mice (22-30g, 8-12 weeks old) were randomly assigned to five groups of six each. The experiment spanned 28 days, with the mice housed under controlled conditions and provided standard feed and water. Behavioral tests, including the Marble Burying and Tail Suspension tests, were conducted to assess anxiety and depressive-like behavior. Serum biochemistry, including ALT, AST, and BUN, was measured using standard ERBA kits to evaluate liver function health. Results: In the marble burying and tail suspension tests, MPTP-induced mice (DC group) exhibited significantly higher anxiety and depressive-like behaviors compared to the sham and plumbagin groups. Plumbagin treatment (PD) and levodopa (LS) significantly reduced these behavioral symptoms. Liver function markers (ALT, AST, ALP) and BUN levels were elevated in DC mice, indicating liver and kidney damage, while plumbagin treatment mitigated these effects, showing values comparable to the standard treatment (LS). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MPTP exposure affects both the central nervous system and liver function, leading to anxiety, depression, and liver damage, as evidenced by elevated liver enzymes. Plumbagin showed protective effects, reducing these behavioral and biochemical changes through its antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. These findings suggest that future research should investigate plumbagin's clinical potential for treating Parkinson's disease and liver dysfunction, offering promise for its use in developing neuroprotective therapies.