Acacia catechu (Khadira): A Comprehensive Review of Its Traditional and Modern Therapeutic Potential

Khadira (Acacia catechu) is a well-known medicinal plant described in classical Ayurvedic texts for its wide-ranging therapeutic benefits. Traditionally classified under Kashaya Rasa Pradhana Dravya, and is widely utilized in the management of oral diseases- mouth ulcer, sore throat, skin diseases, wounds, and inflammatory conditions. Catechu (Katha; the heartwood extract of Khadira) is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds, mainly catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and condensed tannins, which are responsible for its potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities. In Ayurveda, Khadira is indicated in conditions such as Kushtha, Prameha, Krimi, and Mukharoga because of its Rakta-Shodhana, Lekhana, and Stambhana properties. Acharya Charaka has described the best drug of choice in Kushtha is Khadira. Modern pharmacological studies also support its traditional claims, demonstrating significant antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic activity, and wound-healing, antimutagenic activity on cancer cells. Due to its natural origin, safety profile, and multifunctional therapeutic potential, Khadira holds promise for incorporation into modern dosage forms such as herbal formulations, oral care products, and topical preparations. This review highlights the classical Ayurvedic relevance and scientific evidence supporting the medicinal importance of Khadira, emphasizing its potential role in integrative healthcare.