Evaluation of direct versus non‐refluxing technique and functional results in orthotopic Y‐ileal neobladder after 12 years of follow up

Objectives:  We report on the long‐term functional results of the orthotopic Y‐ileal neobladder and compare the outcome of the antireflux technique for ureteral implantation versus direct anastomosis.Patients and Methods:  Between 1990 and 2002, 120 patients underwent cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic Y‐shaped ileal neobladder for invasive bladder carcinoma. The direct Nesbit technique for ureteral reimplantation was applied in 58 patients (group 1) and in 62 patients the ureters were reimplanted using the Le Duc antirefluxing technique (group 2). The mean follow‐up period was 72 months (range, 36–144 months).Results:  Of 62 patients who underwent the Le Duc technique, six (9.7%) had unilateral uretero‐ileal anastomotic stricture and four (6.5%) had reflux. Of 58 patients who underwent direct anastomosis, six (10.3%) patients had unilateral reflux, four of them had dilated ureters preoperatively and no patient had uretero‐ileal anastomotic stricture. The incidence of stricture formation in the Le Duc technique is significantly higher than direct anastomosis (P = 0.04). There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of reflux in both groups. However, the incidence of reflux in preoperatively dilated ureters was significantly higher in direct ureteral anastomosis than Le Duc technique (40% in group 1 vs 16.7% in group 2; P = 0.045). The incidence of stone formation, azotemia, pyelonephritis and bacteriuria was comparable in both groups. The urodynamic findings showed a mean increase in the neobladder capacity at 6 and 18 months after surgery by 340 and 560 mL, respectively. The mean of the maximum pressure was 22 ± 10 cm H2O, 18 months after surgery. Daytime and nighttime continence was good or satisfactory in 93.3% and 85.5% of the patients, respectively, after 3 years of follow‐up.Conclusions:  The functional and voiding results of a Y‐shaped neobladder pouch using 40 cm of ileum are similar to the more sophisticated larger pouches. Direct uretero‐ileal anastomosis in orthotopic bladder replacement is more reasonable than the Le Duc antireflux technique in non‐dilated ureters. The benefit of the antireflux technique has been overestimated despite of the frequency of stricture formation.