Antibacterial activities of Parinari Macrophylla Seed Extracts against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection (Gastro-Enteritis) Induced in Wistar Rats.

Abstract Bacterial infection is the major cause of concern worldwide. Moreso, Bacterial drug resistance still remains a major challenge in the health system, thereby giving rise to an increased search for antibacterial drugs. Hence the need to explore the potentials in Plants as a valuable source of antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the Invitro/Invivo antibacterial and toxicological potentials of P. macrophylla seed extracts against S. typhimurium infection (gastro-enteritis) induced in Wistar rats. Thirty (30) female Wistar rats were randomly grouped into 6 (A-F). The groups were infected with S. typhimurium except the negative control group (F). A-C were administered 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight of hydro-ethanolic extract of seed P. macrophylla respectively, while group D was given 6 mg/kg body weight of ciprofloxacin while group E wistar rats served as positive control. The rats were then infected with 10 6 S .typhimurium and observed for nine consecutive days for symptoms of gastroenteritis, before starting the treatments. Fecal droppings from all rat groups were collected randomly, over a period of five days to evaluate the microbial load before and during the five days’ treatment. There was a progressive significant decrease in fecal bacterial load in groups treated with P. macrophylla seed extract compared to the antibiotic and positive control group throughout the five-day treatment period. The rats were later euthanized and serum obtained from the collected blood were utilized for biochemical assay. The globulin concentration, activity of aspartate and alanine amino transferase in the animal administered the extract showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) compared to the group treated with ciprofloxacin, There was a significant decrease in creatinine in the groups administered hydro-ethanolic seed extract of P. macrophylla compared to the negative control group and antibiotics treated group. The antibacterial effect of the seed extract of P. macrophylla could be adduced to its bioactive compounds, with the potentials to inhibit the multiplication of the bacterial cell in the gastrointestinal tract of the wistar rats. Furthermore, the antioxidant effect of the extract could have mediated a mitigative effect against the pathogenesis associated with the infection. There was no alteration in the liver function and kidney function indices which suggest the safety of the extract in the rats. The hydro-ethanolic seed extract of P. macrophylla displayed a potential antibacterial activity against the test organism S. typhimurium compared with the standard drug (Ciprofloxacin).