Over 30 Years of HIV Interventions in Indonesia: A Bibliometric Analysis and Scoping Review

Globally, approximately 39.9 million individuals are currently living with HIV, with over one million new cases reported each year. In Indonesia, the incidence of new HIV infections has risen significantly by more than 400% in just over a decade. Various interventions have been implemented to prevent and reduce HIV transmission and address the associated impacts of HIV. However, there exists a significant gap in the literature, as no comprehensive studies have synthesised the available evidence to elucidate the current status and future trajectory of HIV interventions within the country. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring publication trends on HIV interventions, the types of interventions, targeted population groups, and the settings in which these interventions were implemented. A bibliometric analysis and a scoping review were conducted. The bibliometric analysis facilitated the identification of publication trends, key authors and collaborators, citation metrics, influential journals, trending topics in HIV interventions, and the co-occurrence of relevant keywords. The scoping review enabled the categorisation of various types of HIV interventions, the identification of targeted groups, and intervention settings. Databases including Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Garuda, and Google were used. The bibliometric analysis encompassed 84 articles from a total of 847 retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, showing a steady increase in annual publication post-2008. These articles were published across 65 distinct journals and authored by 400 authors. The average citation rate per document was 8.48%. Key trending topics and co-occurring keywords identified included human immunodeficiency virus, HIV infections, acquired immune deficiency syndrome or anti-retrovirus, people who inject drugs, and adherence. The scoping review, which included 90 articles selected from a total of 2,224 retrieved, identified four types of HIV interventions, with HIV treatment, and prevention and education being the most common types. The interventions targeted 14 different population groups and were implemented across seven distinct settings in 19 districts/municipalities across 14 provinces. The findings underscore the pressing need for an expansion of HIV interventions that not only focus on prevention and treatment but also consider the social, cultural, and religious factors influencing both HIV transmission and its impact. Furthermore, the results highlight the necessity of targeting specific high-risk and underserved populations, such as men who have sex with men, transgender women, female sex workers and their male clients, pregnant women, individuals who use or inject drugs, prisoners, children, adolescents, and young people. Moreover, there is a critical need to extend the geographical coverage of these interventions into rural districts, often referred to as underdeveloped or disadvantaged areas within Indonesia.