A comprehensive review of Amaranthus spp. as a nutrient-dense food supplement: focus on mineral composition and health benefits

The purpose of the study is to highlight that the Amaranthus spp. plant contains a significant amount of nutrients that are beneficial to human health and, when included in a balanced diet, can improve or even combat certain diseases. The plant is an important source of proteins, crude fiber, carbohydrates, energy, and minerals. Amaranthus spp. belongs to the Amaranthaceae family. There are about 65 to 70 species of amaranth, known commonly as amaranth. It is about 8000 years old and was originally considered a sacred food with ceremonial uses due to its nutritional and healing properties before modern times. All parts of the plant can be consumed. The nutritional value of amaranth is very high, the leaves contain more protein and lysine than corn or other cereals, and more methionine than soy, both essential amino acids. It also contains significant amounts of beta-carotene, omega-6, and powerful antioxidants. The amaranth plant (specifically its species) is rich in vitamins, particularly A, K, B1, B3, B5, B6, B17, C, E, riboflavin, folic acid, and folate, as well as minerals like calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese. Amaranth contains significant amounts of provitamin A (beta-carotene) and is also rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid. Amaranthus spp. contains a variety of valuable bioactive compounds, which are good for our health: polyphenols – powerful antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress; flavonoids – with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; saponins – known for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects; dietary fiber – beneficial for digestive health; phytosterols – help reduce cholesterol. These compounds provide amaranth with health benefits, including cardiovascular protection and immune support.