An evaluation of the relationship between the occurrence of chronic kidney disease and the use of NSAIDs

Background: Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are painkillers that Indonesians widely use. Many people use it because it is easy to get and low price. Although, the public does not pay attention to safety in its use. This study aims to determine the relationship and the level of causality between the use of NSAIDs and chronic kidney disease (CKD) events. Methods: An observational case-control with retrospective retrieval was adopted, and the risk factors between the use of NSAIDs and CKD events were analyzed. Meanwhile, the study was conducted in Makassar city hospital with consecutive sampling from January 2017 until January 2018. Results: The results showed that 118 patients from a total of 350 used NSAIDs, while 35 of the 175 with CKD had a history of NSAIDs. Furthermore, the data on the use of NSAIDs in these patients was 40% meloxicam and 10% mefenamic acid, and the result of the Chi-square analysis showed a p-value <0.001 and an OR of 0.277. Additionally, the possible incidence of CKD in men and women is 48.55% and 70.72%, respectively, with a history of using NSAIDs for over 3 months. It was further shown that  2 of 118 patients had side effects from CKD due to the long-term use of NSAIDs. Conclusion: Conclusively, there is no relationship between CKD incidence and the use of NSAIDs in the community. However, some CKD side effects are related to NSAIDs, which implies that NSAIDs do not result in CKD.