Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Goldsmiths of Suha Bazaar, Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are prevalent across various industries, significantly affecting workers' health and productivity. The intricate and repetitive tasks in goldsmithing, a traditional craft, pose a high risk for the development of MSDs, particularly in regions like Suha Bazaar, Lahore, where ergonomic practices are often overlooked. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and specific areas of musculoskeletal discomfort among goldsmiths in Suha Bazaar, Lahore, and to identify potential ergonomic and workplace modifications to mitigate these disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, involving 122 professional goldsmiths selected through non-probability purposive sampling. Participants were aged 20 to 70 years, with at least three years of professional experience. Data were collected using the Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to evaluate musculoskeletal symptoms, with additional demographic and occupational information gathered. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, focusing on descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Ethical approval was obtained, and all participants provided informed consent. Results: The study found that 40.2% of participants experienced discomfort in the upper back, 38.0% in the neck, and 27.9% in both shoulders. The average age of participants was 39.52 years (SD = 12.16), and the majority (86.9%) worked between 40-45 hours per week. Most participants (35.2%) had over 20 years of experience in the field. Conclusion: The high prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in critical areas such as the upper back and neck among goldsmiths in Suha Bazaar indicates an urgent need for ergonomic interventions and workplace improvements. Implementing ergonomic solutions and training on proper posture could significantly enhance occupational health and productivity in this traditional craft. Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Goldsmiths, Ergonomics, Occupational Health, Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, SPSS Analysis, Suha Bazaar, Lahore, Cross-Sectional Study.