Cardiac Tamponade in COVID-19 Patients: Management and Outcomes

Importance: Cardiac tamponade requiring emergent intervention is a possible complication of COVID-19 infection. Favorable clinical outcomes are possible if timely management and drainage are performed, unless ventricular failure develops. Observations: Cardiac tamponade in COVID-19, based on the limited reported cases, seems to be more common among middle-aged men. Prognosis is worse amongst patients with concomitant ventricular failure. Design and methods: This is a case series of three COVID-19 patients complicated by cardiac tamponade, requiring surgical intervention at a single institution in New York. Interventions: Pericardial window, Pericardiocentesis Outcomes: One patient had recurrence of cardiac tamponade with hemorrhagic component but fully recovered and was discharged home. Two patients developed cardiac tamponade with concomitant biventricular failure, resulting in death. Conclusions and Relevance: Cardiac Tamponade with possible concomitant biventricular failure can develop in COVID-19 patients; incidence seems to be highest at the point of marked inflammatory response. Concomitant ventricular failure seems to be a predictor of poor prognosis.