Dynamics of lowland populations of Symphytum cordatum Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. in different growth conditions

Dynamics of isolated lowland populations of the Carpathian subendemic species Symphytum cordatum Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. at the edge of its range is investigated. They were analyzed as a case study on the prospects of the lowland populations of S. cordatum under different growth conditions. Changes in the individual and group parameters of this species during the 17-year period are studied. Characteristic-markers of endangered state of S. cordatum populations in the mountain and lowland parts of its range are established. They include: low percentage of generative group or its absence, decrease in size and numbers of clones, significant reduction of the population area, considerable decrease in density of ramets and their low biometrical parameters as well as inhibition of vegetative propagation. It was established that population near Brodky village (Stryisky region, Lviv Oblast) exhibited high individual and group parameters during a long period and is capable of expansion, which ensures survival in the long-term perspective. Negative effects of anthropogenous impact on the population of S. cordatum in the city of Lviv are revealed. During the past period the area of the population decreased 3-folds, density of generative ramets, their hight and mass – 2-folds and considerable reduction in the area and number of clones were established as well. During the last years the population has been increasingly affected intensive mowing, trampling and raking which makes it endangered. It was established that small in their area and numbers lowland populations of S. cordatum growing in unfavorable ecological and coenotic conditions are most sensitive to anthropopression. The importance of protection of S. cordatum at the edge of its range is emphasized to provide conservation of regional biodiversity and gene pool of this species. Biotope conservation must be applied for such lowland populations of montane species like S. cordatum, it would prevent disturbance to sensitive small species habitats. This may be provided by creation of local reserves.