Piers, jetties and related structures exposed to waves: Guidelines for hydraulic loadings

Jetties, piers and other marine structures constructed in exposed locations require careful assessment of their hydraulic loads. Increasingly trade economics are leading to larger ship sizes and existing and new port locations for these vessels require longer jetties in significantly deeper water. In these instances construction of protective breakwaters becomes substantially more expensive, so in some cases jetties or their approach trestles are being constructed in exposed locations without breakwater protection.