Assessing The Efficacy of Semaglutide on Glycaemia Control and Weight Reduction among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at the Outpatient Department of Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a growing global health concern, often requiring multifaceted treatment approaches to achieve optimal glycemic control and weight management. Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has shown promising effects in improving blood sugar levels. This study aims to assess the efficacy of Semaglutide in glycemic control and weight reduction among patients with Type 2 diabetes attending the outpatient department of a teaching hospital. Methods: This study was conducted at the outpatient department of Green life teaching hospital from 1st July to 31st December 2024. A total of 31 patients were enrolled using a convenience sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.  Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patient characteristics, while chi-square tests were applied to determine the association between Semaglutide use and glycemic control, as well as weight reduction. Findings: The study (n=31) had a high percentage of female participants (93.5%), most of whom were aged 18-39 years (64.5%). Semaglutide was used by 93.5% of participants, though 64.5% experienced side effects, the most frequent being nausea. The largest reported issue was cost (67.7%), but 83.9% lost weight. Diabetes knowledge was high, with 87.1% of participants valuing diet and exercise. Few experienced financial difficulties, and 71% resided <5 km from healthcare personnel. Semaglutide caused profound effects on glycemic control (+67.8%, p < 0.001) and weight loss (+67.8%, p < 0.001) and a highly significant positive correlation between the two responses (r = 0.62, p = 0.002). Interpretation: Semaglutide has a strong association with glycemia control (p < 0.001, +67.8% improvement). It also has a strong association with weight reduction (p < 0.001, +67.8% weight loss). There is a significant correlation between glycemic control and weight loss (r = 0.62, p = 0.002). This statistical evidence confirms that Semaglutide is highly effective in improving both glycemic control and weight management among Type 2 Diabetes patients.