Analysing the Efficiencies of Partially Entangled Three-Qubit States for Quantum Information Processing Under Real Conditions

Abstract In this article, we revisit the question of analysing the efficiencies of partially entangled states in three-qubit classes under real conditions. Our results show some interesting observations regarding the efficiencies and correlations of partially entangled states. Surprisingly, we find that the efficiencies of many three-qubit partially entangled states exceed that of maximally entangled three-qubit states under real noisy conditions and applications of weak measurements. Our analysis, therefore, suggests that the efficiencies of partially entangled states are much more robust to noise than those of maximally entangled states at least for the GHZ (Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger) class states, for certain protocols; i.e. less correlations in the initially prepared state may also lead to better efficiency and hence one need not always consider starting with a maximally entangled state with maximum correlations between the qubits. For a set of partially entangled states, we find that the efficiency is optimal, independent of the decoherence and state parameters, if the value of weak measurement parameter is very large. For other values of the weak measurement parameter, the robustness of the states depends on the decoherence and state parameters. Moreover, we further show that one can achieve higher efficiencies in a protocol by using non-optimal weak measurement strengths instead of optimal weak measurement strengths.