Freeze‐Dried Skin Allografts: A Human Clinical and Histological Study

Free gingival autografts still remain the most predictable method for creating attached gingiva. However, a need exists for sources of connective tissue other than the patient's own connective tissue. Yukna et al. have proposed freeze‐dried skin (FDS) allografts as a substitute for gingival autografts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate FDS allografts on humans, clinically and histologically. Ten FDS allografts and two free gingival (FG) autografts were performed on ten patients, two of them receiving both FDS and FG grafts. Clinical measurements were made before surgery, immediately after surgery and then 2 and 6 months after surgery. After 4 and 24 months, biopsies were performed on both FG and FDS grafts. Routine histologic staining was done. The results show a mean gain of attached gingiva of 0.32 mm with a range from 0 to 0.8 mm. Compared biopsies sections of FDS allografts and FG autografts show that the tissue obtained with the FDS allografts do not display the histomorphologic pattern of attached gingiva. The FDS allografts do not seem to represent a good substitute to free gingival autografts. However, they might be used successfully as a biological bandage.