A REVIEW OF ANISAKIS SPP. AND ITS VARIOUS ALLERGENS’ PROFILING AND CHARACTERISATION

Purpose - This review article focuses on the identification and characterization of the allergens present in Anisakis spp., parasitic worms found in coastal fish that can cause anisakiasis in humans who consume raw or contaminated seafood. The study aimed to fill the gap in research by profiling and analyzing the allergens present in Anisakis simplex s.s., Anisakis pegreffii, and the hybrid haplotype.   Design/methodology/approach - To conduct this analysis of Anisakis spp. and its various allergens, a comprehensive bibliographical search was conducted using online sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, and Wiley Online Library. These sources provided a diverse range of articles, research papers, and other relevant literature on the subject. The findings of this analysis are based on the extensive review of these sources and provide insights into the allergenicity of Anisakis spp. and the various allergens that it contains. Findings - The main objective of this review is to analyze the different categories of allergens that cause allergic reactions in patients affected by Anisakis spp.. The findings of the study revealed that Anis 1, Anis 7, and Anis 12 are the most significant allergens, while Anis 4, Anis 5, Anis 6, Anis 8, Anis 9, Anis 10, and Anis 11 are the minor allergens. The review paper emphasizes the importance of understanding the biology and pathogenicity of Anisakis spp. to develop effective therapeutic strategies. The results of this study can assist clinicians and researchers in identifying possible targets for the prevention and treatment of anisakiasis. It also emphasizes the importance of making educated food decisions, properly preparing seafood before consumption, and creating diagnostic tools to quickly spot allergic reactions like anisakiasis. The goal of this study is to enhance public health and increase awareness of anisakiasis. As a result, it may be helpful to clinicians and researchers who are researching Anisakis spp. and related diseases.