Refractive Outcomes of Combined Cataract Surgery and Vitrectomy Compared to Cataract Surgery Alone

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the refractive outcomes of combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy compared to cataract surgery alone. Methods: This retrospective chart review study included two groups: (1) combined surgery in 103 eyes (101 patients) who underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) placement by a single cataract surgeon and vitrectomy by a single vitreoretinal surgeon at the same surgical setting; (2) cataract surgery alone by the same surgeon in 107 eyes (84 patients). Refractive outcomes and complications between the combined and cataract surgery alone group were compared. The predicted refractive error was compared to postoperative refractive outcomes in both groups, surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), intraoperative or postoperative complications of either cataract surgery or vitrectomy, and cystoid macular edema. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between predicted and actual postoperative refractive outcomes between the combined and cataract surgery alone groups (within ±0.5 diopters [D], p = 0.099; within ±1.0 D, p = 0.721). There was no difference in SIA refractive outcomes between the two groups (p = 0.509). The use of intraoperative gas for retina tamponade did not significantly affect postoperative refractive outcomes. Both cataract surgery and vitrectomy were successfully performed without unexpected complications from either procedure affecting the other. Discussion/Conclusion: Combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy allows excellent refractive outcomes equal to cataract surgery alone, allowing each procedure to be performed independently by separate anterior and posterior segment surgeons. Combined procedures can be performed in eyes with a variety of retinal indications and can include fluid-gas exchange with minimal risk of PCIOL malposition or change in targeted refraction.