Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Beekeepers on Pesticide Risk Mitigation and Bee Mortality in Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are vital for pollination, plant survival, and crop production. Poor disclosure of farmers’ perceptions of bee health and mortality limits interventions for risk reduction. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of beekeepers on pesticide risk mitigation and bee mortality in Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected beekeepers. The data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Factors associated with their intention and action to mitigate the risks were analyzed using logistic regression. Explanatory variables with a P -value of .05 or less were included in the multivariable model, and variables with a P -value less than .05 were reported as factors associated with the outcome variable. The Hosmer and Lemeshow tests were used to check model fit. Results: The study found that overall 54.3% of beekeepers practice safe beekeeping and adopt risk mitigation measures. The study found that beekeeping training [AOR: 3.85; 95% C.I. 2.19-6.76], knowledge of pesticide risks on bee health [AOR: 4.18; C.I. 2.44-7.16], and attitudes toward risks of pesticides on bee health [AOR: 2.41; 95% C.I. 1.51-3.84] significantly influenced bee mortality risk mitigation practices. Those with training were 3.85 times more likely to practice risk mitigation, while those with good knowledge were 4.18 times more likely, and those with positive attitudes toward risks of pesticides on bee health were 2.41 times more likely to practice. Conclusion and recommendations: The study reveals that half of beekeepers practice safe beekeeping and adopt risk mitigation measures, influenced by training, knowledge of pesticide risks, and attitudes. Key apiculture players can benefit from behavioral interventions to improve knowledge and attitudes, thereby mitigating bee mortality risks.