Impact of cultivation conditions on physicochemical characteristics of Miscanthus × giganteus biomass

Abstract Miscanthus × giganteus has emerged as a successful energy crop for remediating marginal land, offering potential as an alternative energy source for climate change mitigation. This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties for gasification of Miscanthus × giganteus biomass from plantations with diverse soil origins, characteristics, contamination levels, age, and climate conditions, aiming to determine their influence on the energy properties. Fuel parameters, i.e.: ash content, volatile matter, calorific value, ultimate analysis, and ash melting behavior were measured. Analysis of biomass samples revealed significant variations in the ash content and volatile matter with the average values of 4.5 and 78.8%, respectively, depending of the produced biomass. The calorific value remained consistently high, ranging from 18 to 19 MJ kg−1, even when biomass was derived from the contaminated soil. Additionally, biomass ash exhibited complete melting at temperatures exceeding 1300 °C, signifying its suitability for gasification without encountering technical obstacles. Employing PCA analysis, the significance of plantation age, location, and soil characteristics in shaping the physicochemical properties of Miscanthus × giganteus biomass for gasification was highlighted. The results illustrated that soil contamination by trace elements had a minimal impact on the physicochemical properties, whereas plantation age and climate conditions significantly influenced to the fuel properties of biomass.