Management of thrombocytopenia detected in occupational health examinations: A review article

Introduction: The accidental discovery of thrombocytopenia is a medical challenge and may be of little clinical importance or indicate a serious disease affecting the hematopoietic system. In this article, we have discussed how to manage incidental isolated thrombocytopenia identified during occupational health examinations.   Materials and Methods: In this study, to effectively address the thrombocytopenia found accidentally in screening tests, researchers searched reliable databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and others. Results: In general, thrombocytopenia may result from a decrease in platelet production, an increase in platelet consumption, or an increase in platelet separation from the circulatory system. In dealing with thrombocytopenia, a thorough history, physical examination, and targeted laboratory tests can identify patients who need immediate intervention. Common causes of thrombocytopenia include false thrombocytopenia, drug use, congenital thrombocytopenia, chronic liver disease, distributed thrombocytopenia, concurrent deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B12, immune thrombocytopenia purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, viral infections, and systemic autoimmune disorders. Additionally, assessing the risk of bleeding in these individuals should be considered.   Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia discovered in screening tests is a relatively common finding and has numerous underlying causes. A systematic approach is required to identify its underlying causes. Knowing the list of common benign causes of isolated thrombocytopenia and the alarm symptoms of this disorder can help an occupational health specialist identify high-risk people and take the necessary measures.