Effects of Helianthus annuus seeds on antioxidants, lipid profile and serum urea and creatinine in obesity induced rats using high fat diet

High-fat diets have been strongly associated with common metabolic diseases. Clinical practices often link these diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress resulting from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, to severe conditions like cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Managing these conditions is often financially demanding. Helianthus annuus seeds, known to be non-toxic even at doses greater than 5000mg/kg in rats, with an LD50 greater than 5000mg/kg, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing elevated blood sugar levels and BMI in both animal and human studies. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the potential effects of sunflower seeds on antioxidants, lipid profiles, and serum urea and creatinine levels in rats induced with obesity using a high-fat diet. In this study, overnight fasting blood samples were collected to conduct lipid profile tests (HDL, LDL, VLDL, and triglycerides). These tests utilized a photometric system with procedures derived from the Diasys-G Emmany kit and the measurement and precipitation method. The modified Jaffe technique for in-vitro measurement of creatinine in serum was employed to measure urea and creatinine levels. The experiment involved 27 Wistar rats weighing between 350 and 400 grams, randomly divided into 9 groups, with 3 rats in each group. Group 1 served as the control, while groups 2 to 9 were subjected to various conditions: high-fat diets alone for 6 weeks (group 2), high-fat diets with high (5000mg/kg body weight), medium (3000 mg/kg body weight), or low (2000 mg / kg body weight) doses of Helianthus annuus seeds powder for 6 weeks (groups 3, 4, and 5, respectively). Additionally, there were variations in duration and doses in groups 6 to 9, where rats were fed high-fat diets 20 g/ kg / day /rats for 5 weeks and then supplemented with Helianthus annuus seeds powder (5000 mg / kg, 3000 mg / kg and 2000 mg / kg per rat for group 6,7,8 or Metformin 70 mg / kg per rat for group 9) for 1 week. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in rats across all groups compared to the control. However, all groups supplemented with Helianthus annuus seeds alongside high-fat diets displayed a significantly increased HDL level (P < 0.05) compared to rats fed only high-fat diet alone. Creatinine levels were significantly increased in all Helianthus annuus seeds -supplemented groups compared to the high-fat diet alone, while urea levels showed no significant differences among the groups. Furthermore, rats in all Helianthus annuus seeds -supplemented groups alongside high-fat diets demonstrated a significantly increased glutathione reductase activity (P < 0.05) compared to the control and high-fat diet alone. The study indicated that sunflower seeds significantly bolster antioxidant protection, elevate HDL levels, and increase creatinine levels in rats fed high-fat diets, suggesting potential beneficial effects in mitigating the adverse impacts of high-fat diets on health parameters.