GIS-BASED LOCATION–ALLOCATION OF ELECTRICITY TRANSFORMERS IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

The efficient distribution of electricity is critical to urban development and socioeconomic activities. In many Nigerian cities, including Bauchi metropolis, electricity transformers are often poorly sited, leading to overloading, voltage drop, frequent outages, and safety hazards. This study applies Geographic Information System (GIS)–based location–allocation modeling to assess and optimize the  spatial distribution of electricity transformers in Bauchi metropolis. The spatial data was using Global positioning system (GPS) receiver, while the satellite imagery was obtained using SASGIS planet software. The attribute information of existing transformers was obtained from social survey at Jos Electricity Distribution (JED) office. Spatial datasets including existing transformer locations, road networks, residential density, and land-use information were integrated and analyzed using proximity and network analysis techniques. The location–allocation model was employed to identify optimal transformer locations that minimize service distance and improve load coverage. Results reveal significant spatial imbalance in transformer distribution, with some high-density residential areas underserved while others are over served. The study demonstrates that GIS-based location–allocation provides a robust decision-support framework for power distribution planning. The findings support improved transformer siting strategies that enhance service reliability, reduce energy losses, and promote sustainable urban power infrastructure in Bauchi metropolis.