An investigationof the inhibitory effects of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Salvia macilenta, Salvia officinalis, Salvia santolinifola and Salvia mirzayanii on diabetes marker enzymes, an approach for the treatment diabetes

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar. The main strategy for its treatment is to inhibit carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Salvia extracts in inhibiting diabetes marker enzymes. Materials and methods This experimental study was performed in vitro. The studied plants included Salvia mirzayanii, Salvia macilenta, Salvia officinalis and Salvia santolinifola and inhibitory effects of their methanolic and dichloromethane extracts were investigated. After calculating the percentage of α-amylase inhibition and IC50 of the extracts, Km and Vmax were also determined using prism7.Statistical analysis was performed employing with Graph Pad instat3 software. Results The results here in revealed that methanol extracts of Salvia santolinifola (with IC50 = 54.72 ± 9.6 μg / ml) and Salvia officinalis with (IC50 = 54.87 ± 5.7 μg / ml) and dichloromethane extract of Salvia officinalis with (IC50 = 71.20 ± 14.3 μg / ml) had the greatest inhibitory effect on α-amylase comparing to acarbose with (IC50 = 42.94 ± 3.8 μg / ml) as a standard. Tukey test results showed that there is a significant difference between IC50 of acarbose comparing to methanol extract of Salvia mirzayanii and dichloromethane extracts of Salvia mirzayanii and Salvia santolinifola with P value ˂0.001 in α-amylase inhibition. Conclusion The extracts had significant inhibitory effects on α-amylase inhibition. Among the extracts of the studied species, methanol extract of Salvia santolinifola demonstrated the greatest inhibitory effect on α-amylase.