“Qiyun Shengdong”(Vivid Charm) in Traditional Zisha Teapots: Aesthetic Foundations and Design Principles

Vitality and rhythm constitute the core of traditional Zisha teapot design. Existing studies mostly focus on the superficial aesthetic analysis of outer curves of teapot bodies, lacking systematic exploration on the formation mechanism of vitality and rhythm of Zisha teapots, as well as the internal correlation between modeling principles and humanistic spirit. Besides, prior research neglects the critical role of users’ perception in the presentation of artistic vitality of teapots. Adopting literature review and classic case analysis, this paper sorts out the evolution of vitality and rhythm theory from painting aesthetics to artifact creation, and selects representative works by three distinguished Zisha masters including Gong Chun, Shi Dabin and Shi Jingzhou to analyze the formation logic of dynamic charm and rhythm of Zisha wares. Three core findings are concluded: firstly, the inherent material spirituality of Zisha clay endows teapots with vivid and breathing texture, laying a material foundation for artistic vitality; secondly, manual craftsmanship integrates craftsmen’s breath and creative rhythm into clay bodies, injecting original vitality into artifacts; thirdly, users’ perception during usage completes the full expression of teapots’ artistic vitality. Combined with Taoist cultural connotations including following nature and the unity of motion and stillness, this study further demonstrates that the vivid charm of Zisha teapots does not merely rely on smooth outer curves, but results from the interaction of material, craftsmanship, time and human perception. Accordingly, this paper proposes that contemporary Zisha teapot creation should return to original clay texture, uphold manual ingenuity and value practical usage experience, so as to restore perceivable and sustainable life vitality to Zisha teapots and make them spiritual carriers embodying Eastern qi philosophy. This research still has limitations: it only selects works of three representative masters with limited sample coverage, and focuses on theoretical analysis without empirical verification combined with contemporary Zisha design practices. Further research can expand research samples and adopt practical tests to optimize relevant conclusions.