The use of ChatGPT in teaching and learning: a systematic review through SWOT analysis approach

IntroductionThe integration of ChatGPT, an advanced AI-powered chatbot, into educational settings, has caused mixed reactions among educators. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to explore the strengths and weaknesses of using ChatGPT and discuss the opportunities and threats of using ChatGPT in teaching and learning.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA flowchart guidelines, 51 articles were selected among 819 studies collected from Scopus, ERIC and Google Scholar databases in the period from 2022-2023.ResultsThe synthesis of data extracted from the 51 included articles revealed 32 topics including 13 strengths, 10 weaknesses, 5 opportunities and 4 threats of using ChatGPT in teaching and learning. We used Biggs’s Presage-Process-Product (3P) model of teaching and learning to categorize topics into three components of the 3P model.DiscussionIn the Presage stage, we analyzed how ChatGPT interacts with student characteristics and teaching contexts to ensure that the technology adapts effectively to diverse needs and backgrounds. In the Process stage, we analyzed how ChatGPT impacted teaching and learning activities to determine its ability to provide personalized, adaptive, and effective instructional support. Finally, in the Product stage, we evaluated how ChatGPT contributed to student learning outcomes. By carefully considering its application in each stage of teaching and learning, educators can make informed decisions, leveraging the strengths and addressing the weaknesses of ChatGPT to optimize its integration into teaching and learning processes.