Eco-Friendly IPM Approaches for Managing Glyphodes pyloalis Walker in Mulberry

Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most destructive pests of mulberry (Morus spp.), causing severe damage to leaves and posing a major threat to sericulture production. The larvae feed voraciously on mulberry foliage, reduce leaf quality through excreta contamination, and may facilitate disease transmission to silkworms, resulting in substantial economic losses. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of sustainable and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to reduce dependence on conventional chemical insecticides and overcome pesticide resistance. Current IPM approaches include monitoring and forecasting, selective chemical use, biological control, pheromone trapping, botanical biopesticides, resistant mulberry varieties, and improved agronomic practices. Emerging tools such as nano-biopesticides, RNA interference, AI-based monitoring, and climate-smart agriculture are also gaining importance. Understanding mulberry defense responses against G. pyloalis can further support the development of sustainable and eco-friendly pest management strategies.