Generation of Mixed-OAM-Carrying Waves Using Huygens’ Metasurface for Mm-Wave Applications

Antennas that generate orbital angular momentum (OAM) have the potential to significantly enhance the channel capacity of upcoming wireless systems. This is because different OAM modes that are excited from a shared aperture are orthogonal, which means that each mode can carry a distinct stream of data. As a result, it is possible to transmit multiple data streams at the same time and frequency using a single OAM antenna system. To achieve this, there is a need to develop antennas that can create several OAM modes. This study employs an ultrathin dual-polarized Huygens’ metasurface to design a transmit array (TA) that can generate mixed-OAM modes. Two concentrically-embedded TAs are used to excite the desired modes by achieving the required phase difference according to the coordinate position of each unit cell. The prototype of the TA, which operates at 28 GHz and has a size of 11 × 11 cm 2, generates mixed OAM modes of −1 and −2 using dual-band Huygens’ metasurfaces. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that such a low-profile and dual-polarized OAM carrying mixed vortex beams has been designed using TAs. The maximum gain of the structure is 16 dBi.