Labour Market Skills for Seafarers: A Comparative Analysis of Saudi Arabia and the Global Context

Labour market skills refer to the competencies and knowledge essential for effective participation in specific job markets. In the maritime sector, these skills are pivotal in ensuring the safe, efficient, and sustainable operation of global trade. They encompass technical expertise, regulatory compliance, and interpersonal abilities that allow seafarers to navigate an increasingly complex and dynamic industry. This paper delves into the labour market skills relevant to seafarers in Saudi Arabia (KSA) and juxtaposes them with global standards, highlighting key areas of alignment and disparity.The research examines the relationship between the Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) competency table and the maritime labour market, underscoring the significance of these international guidelines in shaping workforce capabilities. A comparative analysis of the maritime labour skills in the European Union (EU), the Indian subcontinent, and broader Asian regions is presented, with an emphasis on how KSA’s workforce measures up to these benchmarks. The study identifies critical gaps in KSA’s maritime training and workforce development strategies and offers a comprehensive set of recommendations aimed at bridging these gaps.Furthermore, this paper aligns its findings with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 agenda, which seeks to diversify the economy and reduce dependency on expatriate labour. By leveraging international best practices and fostering local talent, KSA has the potential to position itself as a global maritime hub. The proposed recommendations extend to fostering industry-academia collaboration, enhancing training infrastructure, promoting environmental sustainability, and addressing gender inclusivity in the maritime sector. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and industry stakeholders to ensure the long-term competitiveness of KSA’s maritime workforce in the global arena.Keywords: Labour market skills, maritime industry, seafarers, Saudi Arabia, global standards, STCW, Vision 2030, workforce development, maritime education, sustainability.IntroductionBackgroundThe maritime industry is the backbone of global trade, facilitating approximately 90% of international goods transportation. Seafarers are the workforce that ensures the maritime industry's operational success, handling responsibilities that span navigation, machinery operation, environmental compliance, and adherence to safety protocols. The evolution of the maritime sector, influenced by technological advancements and stringent environmental regulations, has significantly heightened the demand for diverse and advanced labour market skills.