Frailty as an independent predictor for midterm adverse outcomes in the elderly undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A longitudinal cohort study

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is associated with poor health outcomes in elderly population. However, its effect on midterm outcomes in elderly patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unknown.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the association between frailty, as classified by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and midterm adverse outcomes in elderly STEMI patients after primary PCI.MethodsIn this prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study, frailty status of 426 STEMI patients aged ≥60 years undergoing primary PCI was determined using the nine‐point CFS 2 weeks before the occurrence of STEMI. Patients scoring at least four points on the CFS were considered frail. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death or readmission. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular death, cardiovascular readmission, heart failure‐related death or readmission, and myocardial reinfarction. Follow‐up data were collected through medical record reviews and/or telephone interviews.ResultsOf 426 elderly patients, 116 were frail. The median follow‐up period was 15 months (interquartile range 5–19 months). Primary outcome events occurred in 87 (75.0%) frail and 75 (24.2%) nonfrail patients. The adjusted hazard ratio was 3.278 after model selection using the Bayesian Model Averaging approach (95% confidence interval 2.372–4.531). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard survival analysis showed that frailty was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of all secondary outcome events after adjusting for TIMI, PAMI, and CADILLAC risk scores.ConclusionsFrailty, as defined by the CFS, was independently associated with midterm adverse outcomes in elderly patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI.