The Biostimulation of Plant Growth in Hydroponics Using Volatile Organic Compounds from PGPMs

The rapid advancement of hydroponic systems has heightened interest in sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in the context of promoting plant growth and health. This study explores the biostimulation of plant growth in hydroponics through the application of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs). VOCs are natural signaling molecules that can influence plant physiology, enhance nutrient uptake, and improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, selected PGPM strains were isolated and characterized for their ability to produce VOCs. The study employed a series of controlled hydroponic experiments to evaluate the effects of these VOCs on the growth performance of various crops, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Key parameters measured included plant height, leaf number, biomass accumulation, and nutrient content. Results indicated that exposure to VOCs significantly enhanced plant growth metrics compared to control groups. Notably, plants treated with VOCs exhibited increases in height by up to 30%, leaf number by 25%, and biomass by 40%. Nutritional analyses revealed higher concentrations of essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in the tissues of VOC-treated plants. Additionally, the study assessed the influence of VOCs on plant stress responses, demonstrating improved resilience against common pathogens and environmental stresses. Pathogen challenges indicated that plants exposed to PGPM-derived VOCs showed lower incidence rates of diseases, highlighting the potential of VOCs in enhancing plant defense mechanisms. This research underscores the significant role of VOCs from PGPMs as natural biostimulants in hydroponics, offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The findings contribute to the understanding of microbial-plant interactions and present opportunities for optimizing hydroponic practices through the strategic application of VOCs. Future research directions include investigating the specific mechanisms by which VOCs exert their effects and exploring the potential for commercial applications in hydroponic systems to enhance crop productivity and sustainability.