Visual Perception Differences and Spatiotemporal Analysis in Commercialized Historic Streets Based on Mobile Eye Tracking: A Case Study in Nanchang Wanshou Palace, China

The commercialization of historic streets constitutes a pivotal aspect of urban cultural heritage, and the comprehension of their visual perception serves as a valuable asset to urban planning and cultural conservation efforts. However, current research concerning the disparities in visual perception among diverse demographics within historic streets, as well as their spatiotemporal dynamics, remains insufficient. This study aims to utilize mobile eye-tracking technology to delve into the visual perceptual characteristics of diverse individuals within commercialized historical urban areas. It seeks to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamic shifts, observing how people’s visual perception and focal points of attention evolve alongside the changes in time and space within these commercialized historical districts. We examined the differences in the visual perception of historical urban areas among groups with varying degrees of architectural knowledge and professional expertise, using the example of the Wanshou Palace Historic Cultural District in Nanchang. Through meticulous observation using mobile eye-tracking technology, we elucidate the visual perception patterns of different demographic characteristics through statistical analysis and spatiotemporal modeling. The findings reveal significant discrepancies in visual attention and perception among various groups. Participants with a deeper understanding of architecture tend to fixate on the architectural details and structures within the urban district, with architectural elements garnering a significant share of 68.6% of their visual attention. Conversely, individuals with a lesser comprehension of architecture exhibit a greater interest in shops and signage elements, with architectural elements receiving a mere 59.23% of their visual focus, while commercial elements attract a significant 25.7% of their attention. Moreover, during the process of perceiving the streetscape, participants’ eye movements transition from surrounding landscapes and historical edifices upon initial entry to the district, gradually shifting towards the commercial activities and distinctive architecture within the district. This study delves deeply into the visual perception characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics of commercialized historic streets, providing invaluable insights for urban planning and cultural preservation endeavors. By revealing the impact of different demographic characteristics on the visual perception of historic streets, it offers new insights for urban planning and cultural heritage conservation.