Regulation of Forward Angular Impulse in Tasks With Backward Translation

Studying how elite athletes satisfy multiple mechanical objectives when initiating well-practiced, goal-directed tasks provides insights into the control and dynamics of whole-body movements. This study investigated the coordination of multiple body segments and the reaction force (RF) generated during foot contact when regulating forward angular impulse in backward translating tasks. Six highly skilled divers performed inward somersaults (upward and backward jump with forward rotation) and inward timers (upward and backward jump without rotation) from a stationary platform. Sagittal plane kinematics and RFs were recorded simultaneously during the takeoff phase. Regulation of the forward angular impulse was achieved by redirecting the RF about the total body center of mass. Significantly more backward-directed RF was observed during the first and second peak horizontal RF of the inward somersaults than the inward timers. Modulation of the horizontal RF altered the RF direction about the center of mass and the lower-extremity segments. Backward leg and forward trunk orientation and a set of relatively large knee extensor and small hip flexor net joint moments were required for forward angular impulse generation. Understanding how the forward angular impulse is regulated in trained individuals provides insights for clinicians to consider when exploring interventions related to fall prevention.