Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Less Addressed Yet Significant Health Concern in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is a chronic and progressive condition caused by estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. It commonly presents with vaginal dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, urinary urgency, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, GSM remains underdiagnosed and undertreated due to lack of awareness and social stigma.¹ ² Aim: To increase awareness regarding Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause and to evaluate its clinical presentation and management among postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences among 200 postmenopausal women aged 45–74 years attending the outpatient department. Women presenting with symptoms suggestive of GSM were included in the study. Detailed clinical history, pelvic examination, and symptom assessment were performed. Patients were managed with hormonal and non-hormonal treatment modalities according to symptom severity and clinical suitability. Results: The most common symptoms observed were vaginal dryness, itching, burning sensation, dyspareunia, urinary urgency, and recurrent urinary complaints. GSM significantly affected sexual health, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. Hormonal therapy, particularly local estrogen therapy, demonstrated better symptomatic improvement compared to non-hormonal therapies by restoring vaginal lubrication, elasticity, and epithelial integrity. Non-hormonal therapies provided temporary symptomatic relief, especially in mild cases. Conclusion: Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause is a common yet frequently neglected condition among postmenopausal women. Early diagnosis, increased awareness, and individualized treatment are essential for improving quality of life and sexual health. Local estrogen therapy remains the most effective treatment option for symptomatic relief in appropriately selected patients.