MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line Treated with Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius): Evaluation by Annexin V and AgNOR Staining

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to examine the time and dose dependent effects of Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Material and Methods: MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was used in the study. MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to ginseng at 37°C and 5% CO2 for varying durations (24 and 48 hours) and doses (1 and 2 μg/ml ginseng). At the end of the incubation period, viability, apoptosis, cell cycle and Argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR) protein status of MDA-MB-231 cells were examined in the Muse Cell Analyzer. Results: It was observed that the dose inducing apoptosis was 1 μg/ml ginseng for 24 and 48 hours, and 2 μg/ml ginseng for 48 hours in the group that stopped the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. When comparing the two groups; while no difference was determined between the control and 1 µg/ml ginseng groups, the significant differences were detected between the control and 2 µg/ml ginseng groups for mean AgNOR number in 48 hours incubation. However, there was no significant difference for the TAA/NA ratio, in the groups for 48 hours. Conclusion: The current study showed that ginseng had a crucial function against cancer development. Also, both AgNOR values might be used as biomarkers for detection of the most reliable therapeutic dose selection for cancer and it has been shown that correct consumption of Ginseng can be effective in preventing cancer formation and slowing its progression.