Recent Work on Boiling and Condensation in Microchannels

Recent work on boiling of water and condensation of steam in single and parallel microchannels is reviewed in this paper. It is found that the amplitude and frequency of fluctuations of temperature and pressure during the unstable flow-boiling mode depend greatly on the inlet/outlet configurations and the exit vapor quality. By fabricating an inlet restriction on each microchannel or the installation of a throttling valve upstream of the test section, reversed flow of vapor bubbles can be suppressed resulting in a stable flow-boiling mode. Boiling heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in microchannels under stable flow-boiling conditions are obtained. These data at high vapor qualities are found to be substantially different from the correlations obtained for flow-boiling in macrochannels. Microbubble emission boiling phenomena, which can defer the arrival of critical heat flux, exist in a partially heated Pyrex glass microchannel at sufficiently high heat flux and high inlet subcooling conditions. For condensation in a microchannel, transition from annular flow to slug/bubbly flow is investigated. The occurrence of the injection flow is owing to the instability of the liquid/vapor interface. The location, at which the injection flow occurs, depends on the mass flux and the cooling rate of steam. Increase in steam mass flux, decrease in cooling rate, and microchannel diameter tend to enhance the instability of the condensate film on the wall, resulting in the occurrence of injection flow further downstream at increasingly high frequency. The pressure drop in the condensing flow increases with the increase in mass flux and quality or with decreasing microchannel diameter. The existing correlations for pressure drop and heat transfer of condensing flow in macrochannels overestimate the experimental data in microchannels.