Determinants of incomplete immunization among children age 12-23 months in Southwest, Ethiopia: Case Control Study

Abstract Background Vaccination is recognized as an important immunization tool which is used in preventing and eradicating communicable diseases. Even though increase in global vaccination coverage, many children in the world particularly in low resource countries still are left unvaccinated and it remains to be a public health problem. So the main objective of this study was to identify determinants of incomplete vaccination among children 12-23 months of age in Semen Bench district, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2018. Methods A community based unmatched case-control study was undertaken among randomly selected children aged 12 to 23 months and with a total sample size of 312 (104 cases and 208 controls). Simple random sampling was used to get representative cases and controls. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi Inof version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were done to identify independent factors for incomplete immunization status of children. P values <0.05 with 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance Results From the total selected 104 cases and 208 controls, all of the cases and controls participated in the study with a response rate of 100% .The multivariable analysis indicated that respondents having no antenatal visit [AOR=8.3(95%CI; 1.87-36.91], giving birth in home [AOR=4.5(95%CI; 1.411-14.27], respondents having no postnatal visit [AOR=4.2(95%CI; 1.67-10.41], and respondent having inconvenient appointment time [AOR=3.44(95% CI:1.65-7.16)] were some of the variables continued to have statistically significant factors of incomplete vaccination. Conclusion This study was identified some of the factors associated with incomplete vaccination. In order to decrease neonatal mortality resulted from communicable diseases Strengthen antenatal care visit and promoting postnatal care service utilization and institutional delivery and providing convenient and appropriates appointment time is very important in addition to this it is crucial that, local programmatic intervention should be strengthened to promote awareness of the community on the importance of Vaccination.