Mind-wandering as an exploratory response to boredom

In this chapter, the link between mind-wandering and boredom is introduced and defined. Despite the intuitive overlap between the two constructs, there is scarce empirical research that directly tests and theorizes their association. However, mind-wandering as a possible response to boredom, fits perfectly with current functional accounts of boredom. According to such accounts, boredom is conceptualized as a signal that a task at hand is not worth the effort. When no behavioral alternatives are available, an option that is always accessible is to let the mind wander. We suggest that mind-wandering is an exploratory response to boredom especially when a change in activity is not possible or not desired. We take into account different forms of mind-wandering as possible response to boredom, focusing in particular on spontaneous and deliberate mind-wandering. We then propose that the experience of boredom during mind-wandering can be explained by the intended level of control, rather than by the perception of control per se. Finally, we hope that the ideas presented here will inspire future research on the various possible ways in which boredom and mind-wandering might be related.