Tracking DENV-3 Dynamics: A Focused Study on Its Emergence as the Second Most Circulating Serotype During Dengue Epidemics

There are four different types of dengue virus, or Denv, which are Denv-4 from Denv-1, and it is still a major public health issue worldwide. Recently, Denv-3 has appeared more often in outbreaks, usually coming as the second most often identified type. This paper sees the factors of genetic, ecological and epidemiology that affects how Denv-3 behaves. By analyzing recent outbreaks in Asia and Latin America through molecular and spatial methods, we can see how the Denv-3 capacity is increasing due to epidemics. Conclusions highlight how important genomic tracking and effective vector management approaches are. Many studies have seen various serotypes, but they often use samples that do not lend themselves to understand how the virus spreads over time in an urban area. In this research, we check how the different lineages of Denv-3 were broadcast during 2006 in Sau Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil. We collected blood samples from patients who showed symptoms like dengue and demonstrated M-N-PCR, to detect and identify the virus using primers based on NS5 genes. The resulting pieces were purified and indexed, and we lived positive dengue cases. To classify sequined samples, we aligned them with 52 reference sequences. This dataset was then used to reconstruct reconstruction phylogenetic on the basis of maximum probability method. We estimated the best demographic model, growth rate, evolutionary change rate and time for the most recent general ancestor (TMRCA). We also estimated the basic fertility rate during the outbreak. Of the 174 blood samples, we received sequences from 82 patients and successfully lived 46 of those sequences. The alignment obtained a dataset of 399 nucleotides with 134 taxes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all samples were of Denv-3 and belonging to strains from Martinec Islands between 2000 and 2001. In particular, 60 Denv-3 samples of Sao Jose Do Rio Preto formed a monophyletic group (dynasty 1), which belonged to near 22 other isolated (clan 2). We believe that these dynasties emerged on different occasions before 2006. By converting the approximate exponential growth rate in the basic fertility rate, we calculated the R0 values of 1.53 for the lineage 1 and 1.53 for the lineage 2. Under the exponential model, the TMRCA for the dynasty 1 was about one year old, while the dynasty 2 was dated to 3.4 years ago from the previous sample. Genetic data often unlike the ability to understand spatial-temporal dynamics, but it can provide valuable insights on how DENV is transmitted. By combining geographical and temporarily structured phylogenetic data, we got a clear picture of how at least two dengue spread viral strains in densely populated urban areas. Denv for dengue virus, or short, comes in four types, Denv-1 to Denv-4, and it is a major health issue worldwide. Recently, Denv-3 has emerged as the second most prevalent type in various epidemic areas, so it is important for us to closely monitor its transmission. The study takes a close look at Denv-3's genetic and time-related patterns during the outbreak in 2006 in 2006, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil. Using the M-N-PCR targeting NS5 genes, we identified and indexed viral samples from 82 dengue positive patients, in which 46 cases were ground coded for spatial analysis. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed two different monophyletic genealogies of Denv-3, both tracing back to strains from Martinec (2000–2001), indicating several introduction events before 2006. Importantly, for the estimated reproductive number (R₀) of lineage-specific analyzes, for the genealogy 1 and 2, respectively, 2, 2, respectively. These findings highlight the evolutionary diversity and transmission capacity of the co-circulating Denv-3 genealogy within a single urban outbreak. By integrating genomic, demographic and spatial data, our study displays the important value of future dengue epidemic more effectively and file a significant value of filing in management.