Progress and Prospect of Flood Monitoring with Fengyun Meteorological Satellite

With the intensification of global climate change, flood disasters have become increasingly frequent, and satellite remote sensing has become a core technical means for flood monitoring. The Fengyun meteorological satellites, independently developed by China, hold irreplaceable application value in the timely and efficient monitoring of flood disasters. As a systematic review, this study aims to address the lack of systematic regarding the evolutionary trajectory and application status of Fengyun satellites in flood monitoring. By integrating relevant domestic and international research, it systematically reviws the FengYun-1 to FengYun-4 satellite series in flood monitoring and their application practices on a global scale, and clarifies the complete evolutionary of water body identification technologies—from the early visual interpretation method and the threshold method that dominated in the 1980s–1990s, to the machine learning method emerged in the 1990s, and further to the mixed-pixel decomposition technology pursuing sub-pixel-level accuracy. This study identifies the applicable scenarios and limitations of various water body identification technologies, analyzes the key issues in current applications, summarizes the core advantages of Fengyun meteorological satellites and technical bottlenecks that need to be overcome, and provides an outlook on future development directions in flood monitoring. Finally, it offers systematic theoretical references and practical guidance for the technological upgrading and operational application of flood monitoring based on China's independent satellite remote sensing.