Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Blue R Dye Using N-Doped Carbon Based on Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Modified with Magnetite

Remazol Brilliant Blue R is an azo dye consisting of aromatic compounds with N-H groups and possesses carcinogenic properties, frequently utilized in the textile industry, particularly in batik. Therefore, it is imperative to develop biomass-based adsorbents to reduce harmful dyes. This work investigated the effectiveness of N-doped carbon modified with magnetite material in adsorbing Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye, focusing on adsorption isotherms and kinetics. N-doped carbon modified material made from cellulose-based palm empty fruit bunches was modified with magnetite using a solution of ammonia-urea-NaOH and FeCl₃, then freeze-dried and pyrolyzed. Adsorption of Remazol brilliant blue R dye using N-doped carbon based on palm empty fruit bunches modified with magnetite has shown promising results in enhancing the removal efficiency of this dye from wastewater. The incorporation of magnetite not only improves the adsorption capacity but also facilitates magnetic separation, making the process more efficient and environmentally friendly. Magnetite-modified N-doped carbon composites containing active N-H and O-H groups effectively adsorbed the dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R, following the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics. The adsorption capacity of magnetite-modified N-doped carbon attained 680.32 mg/g at real batik wastewater containing Remazol Brilliant Blue R.