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"La Ratte" de Günter Grass : une apocalypse au second degré

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La Ratte, roman de Günter Grass paru en 1986, semble s’inscrire dans la lignée des ouvrages de science-fiction du XXème siècle exploitant le thème de l’apocalypse et présentant la disparition de l’humanité à la suite d’une catastrophe provoquée par les technologies modernes, en l’occurrence des missiles atomiques. Mais si on reconnaît bien dans l’intrigue des caractéristiques propres à ce genre et si les motivations del’auteur, telles qu’il a pu les présenter dans plusieurs discours et essais, relèvent bien de la tradition apocalyptique, au sens où il s’agit d’avertir d’une fin prochaine, on peut s’interroger sur la nature exacte du texte, qui est traversé par une réflexion sur l’exploitation par la culture de masse des thèmes apocalyptiques et semble chercher à se démarquer d’une certaine forme d’instrumentalisation du mythe. L’oeuvre de Grass se rapprocherait donc davantage, telle est notre hypothèse, d’un « vol de mythe » pour reprendre les termes de Barthes, c’est-à-dire de la construction d’un mythe second à partir d’un récit préexistant, dans le but de révéler, précisément, le caractère mensonger du premier. Nous aurions donc affaire à une apocalypse, au sens étymologique du terme, entendue comme révélation du monde.AbstractThe Rat, a novel published by Günter Grass in 1986, seems to belong to that series of 20th-century science-fiction novels which deals with the theme of apocalypse and shows the end of humankind as a consequence of the misuse of modern technologies, i.e, the atomic bomb. Although the plot reminds us of the central characteristics of the apocalyptical texts and the author’s statements in various speeches and essays suggest the same, one may wonder if The Rat should not be associated with other genres. In fact, a significant part of the novel is devoted to criticize the exploitation of eschatological themes by the mass media and seems to elude a certain instrumentalization of myth. Grass’s novel should therefore be read as «myth-robbery»,to use Barthes’s words, that is to say, as the creation of a second myth by using the elements of a previous one in order to reveal its deceitful nature. The Rat could then be understood as an apocalypse in the etymological sense of the word, i.e., as revelation of the world.
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Title: "La Ratte" de Günter Grass : une apocalypse au second degré
Description:
La Ratte, roman de Günter Grass paru en 1986, semble s’inscrire dans la lignée des ouvrages de science-fiction du XXème siècle exploitant le thème de l’apocalypse et présentant la disparition de l’humanité à la suite d’une catastrophe provoquée par les technologies modernes, en l’occurrence des missiles atomiques.
Mais si on reconnaît bien dans l’intrigue des caractéristiques propres à ce genre et si les motivations del’auteur, telles qu’il a pu les présenter dans plusieurs discours et essais, relèvent bien de la tradition apocalyptique, au sens où il s’agit d’avertir d’une fin prochaine, on peut s’interroger sur la nature exacte du texte, qui est traversé par une réflexion sur l’exploitation par la culture de masse des thèmes apocalyptiques et semble chercher à se démarquer d’une certaine forme d’instrumentalisation du mythe.
L’oeuvre de Grass se rapprocherait donc davantage, telle est notre hypothèse, d’un « vol de mythe » pour reprendre les termes de Barthes, c’est-à-dire de la construction d’un mythe second à partir d’un récit préexistant, dans le but de révéler, précisément, le caractère mensonger du premier.
Nous aurions donc affaire à une apocalypse, au sens étymologique du terme, entendue comme révélation du monde.
AbstractThe Rat, a novel published by Günter Grass in 1986, seems to belong to that series of 20th-century science-fiction novels which deals with the theme of apocalypse and shows the end of humankind as a consequence of the misuse of modern technologies, i.
e, the atomic bomb.
Although the plot reminds us of the central characteristics of the apocalyptical texts and the author’s statements in various speeches and essays suggest the same, one may wonder if The Rat should not be associated with other genres.
In fact, a significant part of the novel is devoted to criticize the exploitation of eschatological themes by the mass media and seems to elude a certain instrumentalization of myth.
Grass’s novel should therefore be read as «myth-robbery»,to use Barthes’s words, that is to say, as the creation of a second myth by using the elements of a previous one in order to reveal its deceitful nature.
The Rat could then be understood as an apocalypse in the etymological sense of the word, i.
e.
, as revelation of the world.

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