CRISPR-Cas-Based Genome Editing for Crop Improvement: Progress, Challenges and Future Prospects

The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology has opened up new opportunities for crop improvement through precise genetic modifications. This new technology has shown great promise in improving crop yields, quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review presents the recent advances in CRISPR-Cas technology, including new tools and techniques for precise genome editing, as well as the challenges associated with off-target effects and unintended consequences. It explores the applications of CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing in different crops, including maize, rice, wheat, and tomato, highlighting the progress achieved in improving important traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and nutrient content. The regulatory concerns around CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing, as well as the ethical considerations associated with this technology are also adressed. Finally, insights into the potential impact of CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing on crop breeding and food security, and the challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize its potential are provided. This review thus highlights the potential of CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing in crop improvement and emphasizes the importance of continued research in this area for sustainable agricultural production.