Piezoelectric, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of 0–3 ceramic/cement composites

The sulphoaluminate cement and a piezoelectric ceramic, 0.08Pb(Li1∕4Nb3∕4)O3·0.47PbTiO3·0.45PbZrO3[P(LN)ZT], were used to fabricate 0–3 cement based piezoelectric composites. The piezoelectric, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of the composites were mainly investigated. The results indicate that the piezoelectric strain factor d33 increases as the P(LN)ZT volume fraction increases, which follows the cube model well. The dielectric constant εx and dielectric loss tan δ show similar trends with the d33. In the frequency range of 40–100 kHz, the dielectric constants of the composites decrease sharply, which is mainly attributed to interfacial polarization in the composite. Above 200 kHz, the cement-based piezoelectric composites exhibit good dielectric-frequency stability. Hysteresis measurements indicate that the composites exhibit typical ferroelectric hysteresis loops at room temperature. The remanent polarization Pr and the coercive field Ec of the composites increase as the P(LN)ZT volume fraction increases. Meanwhile, the remnant polarizations Pr shows little asymmetric characterization.