Music and salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA)

This study categorized and synthesized the literature that investigated the relationshipbetween salivary immunoglobulin (sIgA) and music and/ or music therapy. In theimmune system, sIgA exists in all mucosal linings of the body and serves as a first line of defense against microbial infection (Undersown & Schiff, 1986). Several studies have assayed sIgA as an index of mucosal immune functioning, as a marker of stress and has repeatedly been shown to be sensitive to psychological variables (Hucklebridge, Lambert, Clow, Warburton, Evans, & Sherwood, 2000). The objectives were to categorize theliterature on sIgA and music along several dimensions - including a critical analysis ofthe literature - and to develop suggestions for further research. The study used a content analysis approach to organize and categorize the large amount of data produced through a review of the literature pertaining to the effect of music on sIgA. The results indicated that there is a positive relationship between music and sIgA. The research studies used music listening in medical treatment or combined with other treatments. Overall, music listening appeared to have positive effects on sIgA, mood change, and autonomic activities. In addition, when music listening was combined with imagery, self-induced positive emotional state, and local anesthesia or nitrous oxide/oxygen used, the outcomesshowed greater effects than music listening only. Due to the small sample number, it wasdifficult to form a theory and make a connection with each field that investigated music and slgA; however, the results provided interesting ideas for future research. Musictherapy researchers need to collaborate with PNI researchers to find ways which will bestdirect their efforts.