Urban green spaces and their impact on environmental health: A Global Review

Urbanization has become an irreversible global phenomenon, with a majority of the world's population residing in cities. As urban areas expand, the significance of incorporating green spaces into these landscapes is paramount for environmental health. This study provides a concise overview of a global review that explores the multifaceted impact of urban green spaces on sustainability, well-being, and ecological balance. Urban green spaces play a crucial role in biodiversity preservation, acting as vital habitats for diverse plant and animal species. These spaces contribute to the maintenance of urban ecosystems, fostering ecological balance in densely populated areas. The presence of varied flora and fauna supports environmental health by enhancing biodiversity and promoting a more sustainable urban environment. One of the significant contributions of urban green spaces is their role in improving air quality. Through the natural process of photosynthesis, plants absorb pollutants and release oxygen, serving as an effective filtration system. Trees, in particular, act as natural air purifiers, reducing the concentration of airborne particles and pollutants. This contributes to enhanced air quality, mitigating the adverse effects of urban pollution on environmental health. Urban green spaces also play a pivotal role in temperature regulation, combating the phenomenon of urban heat islands. By providing shade and reducing surface temperatures, greenery helps create a cooler and more comfortable urban living environment. This temperature regulation not only contributes to the well-being of residents but also addresses the challenges posed by rising temperatures in urban areas. Beyond environmental considerations, access to urban green spaces has profound effects on the mental and physical well-being of urban dwellers. These spaces serve as outlets for recreation, exercise, and relaxation, contributing to stress reduction and improved mental health. Additionally, urban green spaces act as hubs for social interaction and community engagement, fostering a sense of belonging and strengthening social cohesion. In conclusion, this global review emphasizes the pivotal role of urban green spaces in promoting environmental health through biodiversity preservation, air quality improvement, temperature regulation, and enhancing overall well-being. Recognizing the multifaceted benefits of these spaces is crucial for guiding sustainable urban development practices worldwide.