Pathya Ahara in Hrid Roga (CAD) - Critical Analysis

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide accounting for about 17.8 million deaths per year.[1] In India death rate of CAD is 272/100000 population.[2,3] Coronary artery disease develops mainly due to atherosclerotic narrowing of the coronary arteries, resulting in impaired myocardial blood supply and various cardiac complications including angina, myocardial infarction and heart failure. CAD correlates with risk factors such as sedentary lifestyles, dietary habits, stress, and genetic predispositions. In Ayurveda, heart diseases are broadly referred to under Hridroga which are further classified based on aetiology and symptoms. Materials and Methods: Review from diverse Ayurvedic literatures, books related to Pathya - Apathya, research journals, magazines and authentic internet sources. Discussion: Ayurveda considers dietary regulation as a fundamental component in both the prevention and management of diseases, recognizing food both as a causative factor when unsuitable (Apathya) and as an essential component of treatment when appropriate (Pathya). On reviewing the available pharmacological actions of the above-mentioned Pathya Ahara, they were all found to possess anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-platelet, antihypertensive, Reduced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, anti inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, prevent arteries from stiffness, antioxidants. Conclusion: Pathya denotes practices and foods that promote overall health by sustaining normal physiological functions, ensuring optimal organ performance, nourishing the mind and intellect, preventing illness, and correcting bodily disturbances. Hence, avoiding Apathya (unhealthy factors) and adhering to Pathya (healthy practices) is essential, as prevention is superior to treatment.