Encapsulation of Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Spondias pinnata (L. F.) Kurz. Aqueous Extracts in Nanoliposomes: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Screening of Antidiabetic Activity

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and determine the antidiabetic activity of Gmelina arborea and Spondias pinnata aqueous extract‐encapsulated nanoliposomes (GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL). GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL were synthesized using modified emulsification and ultrasonication. The average size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL were 307 ± 2 nm, 0.429 ± 0.006, −19.95 ± 2.47 mV, and 389 ± 1 nm, 0.366 ± 0.011, and −27.27 ± 0.75 mV, respectively. The synthesized GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL had encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 84.33% ± 0.37% and 95.42% ± 0.56%, and loading capacity (LC) of 2.49% ± 0.08% and 23.83% ± 0.44%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data indicated successful encapsulation of G. arborea and S. pinnata extracts into liposome matrix. The GAE‐NL showed increased/comparable α‐glucosidase and dipeptide peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory activities and glucose uptake potency. The SAE‐NL demonstrated superior α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to acarbose, a standard antidiabetic drug. In conclusion, GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL could be used to develop drug leads against diabetes mellitus.