Diversity, distribution, and relative abundance of medium and large-sized mammals in Chukala Mountain Forest, East Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

AbstractThis study investigates the diversity, distribution, and relative abundance of medium and large-sized mammals in the biodiverse Chukala Mountain Forest of East Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, during March to August 2020. Three distinct habitat types—Montane forest with grassland (Panthera pardus, Papio anubis), woodland (Lepus fagani), and riverine forest (Procavia capensis)—were surveyed using line transects. Over four months, surveys were conducted bi-monthly, focusing on parameters such as species richness, and population distribution. Analysis revealed twelve mammal species spanning five orders and eight families, with olive baboons (Papio anubis) prevailing as the most abundant species, while leopards (Panthera pardus), bush hares (Lepus fagani), and rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) were less frequently encountered. Woodland habitats exhibited the highest species richness (H = 1.700), followed by montane forest with grassland (H = 1.156) and riverine forest (H = 1.070). Notably, montane forest with grassland and riverine forest habitats shared similar species compositions across seasons (SI = 1). In conclusion, these findings provide valuable insights into the mammalian diversity and ecology of the Chukala Mountain Forest, highlighting the importance of ongoing conservation efforts in the region. Based on the findings, it is recommended to implement conservation measures focusing on preserving and enhancing the habitats of less common species such as the leopard, bush hare, and rock hyrax. Continual monitoring and research are recommended to track population dynamics and guide conservation initiatives for long-term ecosystem preservation. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of proactive conservation measures in maintaining the ecological integrity of this vital ecosystem.