Assessment of Bedbug (<i>Cimex Hemipterus</i> Fabricius, 1803) Infestation in Households and Tsangaya Schools in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria: Prevalence, Distribution, and Control Practices

Bedbug infestation remains a persistent public health challenge in many developing regions. This study assessed the prevalence, distribution, and control practices of bedbugs in households and Tsangaya schools across Kaduna, Kano, and Katsina States in the Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was adopted, involving field inspection and questionnaire-based data collection from 300 respondents. Bedbug infestation was recorded in 59.2% of examined locations, with Kaduna showing the highest prevalence. Infestation levels were significantly higher in Tsangaya schools compared to households (p≤0.05). Walls were identified as the primary harboring sites, supporting the highest populations of bedbugs across all developmental stages. Although 78% of respondents were aware of bedbugs, exposure was widespread. Chemical control methods were more commonly used than traditional methods; however, sanitation practices were generally poor. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences across states, materials, and settlement types, while Duncan’s Multiple Range Test separated group means. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, improved sanitation, and integrated pest management strategies, particularly in communal living environments such as Tsangaya sschools.