Impact of Family History and Biochemical Markers on the Development of Polycystic Ovarian Disease

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, characterised by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology, leading to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and metabolic complications. PCOS shows strong familial clustering, suggesting a genetic component, and is associated with hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, including elevated insulin, LH, and androgens. Despite its burden, data on family history and biochemical profiles in Bangladeshi women remain limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2024 to June 2025. During the study period, the study included 50 women aged ≥18 years with BMI ≥25 kg/m², diagnosed with PCOD by Rotterdam criteria. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS (v 26.0), and the standard threshold of p <0.05 was applied to determine statistical significance. Results: The study included 50 women with PCOD, predominantly aged 18–30 years (92%), mostly overweight (80%), and a large proportion reported a lack of physical exercise (92%). Family history was reported in 18% of PCOD. Elevated ALT was more common among participants with hypothyroidism (p=0.01) and those with a family history of PCOD, though only PCOD history independently predicted PCOS outcomes (OR=2.85, 95% CI:1.02–7.97). Family history correlated with endocrine and hepatic abnormalities, emphasising genetic and metabolic influences. Conclusion: Family history of PCOD significantly affects biochemical and metabolic profiles in women with PCOD. Those with positive family history showed higher rates of hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, and elevated ALT.