Impact of displacement on breastfeeding continuity and infant nutrition in conflict-affected areas of West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract Background Conflict-related displacement interrupts access to essential maternal and child healthcare services, negatively affects breastfeeding practices, and increases the likelihood of infant malnutrition. In Ethiopia, the recent conflict in the Amhara Region led to widespread displacement and deteriorating living conditions, especially in the West Gojjam Zone. However, evidence on the effect of displacement on breastfeeding continuity and infant nutrition remains limited. This study aimed to assess breastfeeding continuity and infant nutrition among displaced mothers in conflict-affected areas of West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2025 among 406 mother–infant pairs in conflict-affected areas of West Gojjam Zone. Structured questionnaires and WHO anthropometric techniques were used to gather data. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17, and multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with poor breastfeeding continuity and infant nutrition at p-value < 0.05. Results A total of 406 mothers participated in the study, with a response rate of 96.2%. The prevalence of poor breastfeeding continuity and infant nutrition was 52.96% (95% CI: 48.1–57.8). High proportions of underweight (73.7%), stunting (77.8%), and wasting (65.3%) were observed among infants. Infants with birth weight < 2.5 kg had higher odds of poor breastfeeding continuity and infant nutrition than those with birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg (AOR = 5.4; 95% CI: 1.5–18.8). Open defecation practice (AOR = 9.3; 95% CI: 2.8–31.3), distance ≥ 5 km from health facilities (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5–4.8), and living in temporary shelters (AOR = 7.7; 95% CI: 2.4–24.8) were also significantly associated with poor outcomes. Conclusion Breastfeeding continuity and infant nutrition were severely affected in conflict-affected areas of West Gojjam Zone. Low birth weight, poor sanitation, long distance from health facilities, and unstable housing conditions were significant predictors of poor infant nutrition outcomes. Strengthening maternal and child healthcare services, nutrition support, sanitation, and safe shelter provision is essential to improve infant health in humanitarian settings.